Every year, people are killed on the job by activated machinery. Many of those deaths could have been prevented by following lockout/tagout procedures to turn off machinery that is being serviced or repaired.
OSHA’s rules and procedures for lockout/tagout are found at 29 CFR 1910.147.
The standard identifies three employee roles:
- Authorized employees are those who service and maintain machinery and equipment.
- Affected employees are the ones who operate machinery and equipment but do not service and maintain them.
- Other employees are those who do not service or operate equipment, but who work nearby and need to know about energy hazards and control procedures for their protection.
When Lockout Must Be Used
Any machinery or equipment that contains or stores hazardous energy is subject to lockout/tagout. Examples include:
- Presses
- Power saws
- Conveyors
- Pumps
- Production equipment
- Trash compactors
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Lockout/tagout devices must be used:
- Whenever machinery or equipment is being serviced, maintained, or repaired
- When hazardous energy exists, such as electricity from a service outlet, a generator, or a battery
- Whenever unexpected start-up could occur, such as if a machine operator were to start up a machine without realizing it was being serviced by another worker
All lockout and tagout devices must be:
- Durable and capable of withstanding the environment they’re in
- Standardized by color, size, and shape so that they are more easily recognized
- Substantial enough so that they cannot be accidentally removed
- Identifiable as safety devices with a legend that uses phrases such as “Do Not Operate,” “Do Not Start,” or “Do Not Energize”
Special Situations
You will inevitably encounter special situations that may make your lockout/tagout program more difficult to administer.
Shift changes are one such situation. If servicing lasts more than one shift, lockout/tagout protection CANNOT be interrupted. Original authorized employees will remove their lock and the incoming employees will place theirs on the isolating device. If the first employee leaves before the replacement’s arrival, a supervisor may place the lock on to ensure safety. Additionally, the incoming authorized employee must verify that all energy sources are locked out before beginning work.
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There are some other exceptions in the lockout/tagout process as well. For example, work can occur on a cord and plug of the equipment if it is unplugged, the plug remains within arms’ reach during servicing, and the authorized employee has exclusive control of the plug.
The other exception is if guards aren’t removed or bypassed and are effective in preventing worker exposure to hazards created by the unexpected energization or start-up of machines or equipment or the release of energy.
Additionally, many companies have equipment-specific lockout/tagout processes. Equipment-specific lockout/tagout forms must be completed by the supervisor and/or the authorized employee. All equipment-specific procedures must be easily accessible or posted directly on the equipment.
Procedures must be updated when new equipment is installed, new energy sources are added to a facility or individual equipment, the magnitude of an energy source changes, or when designated isolation points change.
Tomorrow, more about lockout/tagout, including facts about the written program requirement and training requirements.