California regulators adopted an emergency standard requiring employers to protect workers from wildfire smoke. A bill introduced in the U.S. Senate could lead to a similar standard nationwide.
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The California Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board July 18 approved an emergency “Protection from Wildfire Smoke” standard. The emergency regulation is expected to go into effect in early August.
The emergency regulation applies when the Air Quality Index (AQI) for airborne particulate matter two and one-half microns or less in width (PM 2.5) is 151 or greater, and where employers should reasonably expect that employees could be exposed to wildfire smoke.
Employers’ Requirements
Employers must take the following steps to protect workers from wildfire smoke exposures:
- Train employees on the new regulation, the health effects of wildfire smoke, and the safe use and proper maintenance of respirators;
- Identify harmful exposure to airborne particulate matter from wildfire smoke before each shift and periodically during shifts by checking the AQI for PM 2.5 in areas where workers are located;
- Reduce harmful exposure to wildfire smoke if feasible by relocating work to an enclosed building with filtered air or to an outdoor location where the AQI for PM 2.5 is 150 or lower;
- Provide respirators such as N95 masks to all employees for voluntary use if employers cannot reduce workers’ harmful exposure to wildfire smoke so that the AQI for PM 2.5 is 150 or lower; and
- Provide mandatory respiratory protection if the AQI for PM 2.5 exceeds 500.
Other requirements for reducing workers’ smoke exposure include reducing work times in unfiltered air, increasing length and frequency of rest breaks in an area with filtered air, and reducing physical exertion of work to lower heart and respiratory rates.
Exemptions
Exemptions from the wildfire smoke standard are:
- Firefighters engaged in woodland firefighting,
- Enclosed buildings with air filtered by mechanical ventilation that can prevent smoke exposures,
- Enclosed vehicles with air filtered by a cabin air filter that can minimize smoke exposure, and
- Exposures to AQI for PM 2.5 of 151 or greater lasting an hour or less during a shift.
Once the emergency regulation takes effect, it will be effective for one year. The California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) can now begin the regular rulemaking process for a permanent standard or file for emergency readoption. Only two emergency readoptions are permitted under state law.
Cal/OSHA announced an Aug. 27 advisory committee meeting seeking input on a permanent wildfire smoke standard.
Federal Bill
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration would be required to develop a federal wildfire smoke standard if the “Farmworker Smoke Protection Act of 2019” (S. 1815) becomes law. OSHA would have to begin rulemaking within 90 days of the bill’s enactment.
If the bill becomes law, employers would be required to protect farmworkers from wildfire smoke when the AQI for PM 2.5 reached levels of 151 or greater. Employers would have to provide workers with N95 or N100 masks. Respiratory protection would be mandatory if the AQI reached 201 or greater.
The bill makes no mention of employers other than agricultural operations and no employees other than farmworkers.
The bill was introduced June 12 by Oregon Senators Jeff Merkley (D) and Ron Wyden (D).